How to Become an Auto-Entrepreneur in France

Many people dream of living and working in France, and while I was right there with you when I first got here, I know that I had a tendency to put the logistical side of everything on the back burner. Thinking about taxes and the like just didn’t fit into my Midnight in Paris vision of what I wanted my life to be like here. 

I was soon brought back down to reality when I finally got settled into my new post-master’s-degree life. I had already been in France for some time at that point, but I worked as an au pair (the family I worked for paid taxes on me), and after I was a full-time student (I traded English lessons for my apartment and took other odd jobs to make a little cash on the side). I knew I wanted to pursue freelance writing as a career, but I was unsure how to do so legally (plus how to get the benefits that I knew came from paying taxes here). 

I was soon introduced to the concept of the auto-entrepreneur. There is no literal translation for the term, but it should be understood as a one-person business. If you’ve also seen the term micro-entrepreneur floating around, it’s because in 2016 the French government officially changed the term from “auto” to micro-entrepreneur. However, although it’s been officially changed for five years now, most people continue to call it the latter and even the website you’ll use to open your business and pay your social charges features the word auto-entrepreneur. That’s France for you!

Similar to the 1040 freelancer tax status in the United States, opening your own one-person business is a great way to freelance legally in France. If you have a valid residence permit that permits you to work in France (sorry Visitor visa holders!), you’re eligible. When I got started myself, I found the process confusing and so I created this guide to help anyone else who may be in the same position.

Registering as an Auto-entrepreneur

I want to clarify one more time that the terms auto-entreprise and micro-entreprise are one and the same, and both signify a one-person business in France. Once you open your business, you become an auto, or micro, entrepreneur. There are a few different ways to open your business:

  • In-person, at the Centre de Formalités des Entreprises (CFE) closest to your residence (a quick Google search will help you determine which one).
  • By mail, but filling out the form on this website (click on accéder au formulaire) and sending it to the correct CFE.
  • Online, by visiting this website.

I recommend you do the online option unless you’re eager to practice your French or use your printer and pay for postage. Once you visit the website, follow these instructions:

  1. The first question is asking if you are already an “independent worker,” which is yet another term for auto-entrepreneur. You are allowed to have up to two small businesses, but if you’re reading this how-to article I’m assuming you don’t have one already! Check the box that says “non.” Then, click the button that says “déclarer mon auto-entreprise.” 
  2. You’ll be asked to create an account, which you’ll need to pay your social charges, and to have access to any sort of information related to your new small business. Fill in your personal information and then click on “créer mon compte.” You’ll have to confirm your email address and then sign in to your new account before you can move on to the next step.
  3. Once you’ve signed in, you’ll see a message at the top of the page asking you to complete the process to create your small business (Pour effectuer votre formalité…). Click on it.
  4. You can now finally get down to business. Fill in the necessary information, including what you plan on doing, when you want to start, and some other questions. The nice thing about the process (which didn’t exist when I opened my small business) is the small question marks next to each step that you can click on if you’re confused. 
  5. Below is a screenshot for reference, of what I would put if I were to sign up for a small business for freelance writing:
  6. Click on “Suivant.” Here, you’ll be required to fill in your personal information like your address, date of birth, and the like. You’ll also need to put your nationality, and here you’ll be prompted to put in your residency permit number.
  7. Click on “Suivant.” This next section has to do with your marital status and your monthly social charges. If you already have a social security number you can put it here, otherwise, click on the box that says “Ce numéro ne m’a jamais été attribué.” You’ll be able to choose the frequency of your social charge payments. I personally prefer monthly payments, but you can also opt to pay each trimester. There is also the option to pay your yearly taxes at the same time as your monthly social charges. Again, this is all preference! If you’d like to separate yourself legally from your business (similar to an LLC in the US), check “oui” next to the option to become an EIRL. 
  8. Click on “Suivant.” You’ll want to check “non” for the first question as you’re creating the business for yourself. Check “oui” for the second question, you’ll need the SIRENE for your future business dealings!
  9. Click on “Suivant.” You’ll be brought to a summary of all of the information that you’ve filled in so far. Review it and edit if necessary. 
  10. Click on “Suivant.” Here you’ll be required to upload a copy of your ID and your valid residency permit. This next part is a bit tedious, but you’ll have to scan and print out your documents and sign with the words, “J’atteste sur l’honneur que cette pièce d’identité est conforme à l’original,” Plus, “Fait à … le …” with your location as well as the date. Then, re-scan this document and upload it onto the site. Make sure you click on “Joindre le fichier” after you’ve selected the document from your computer. You should then see it below like this:
  11. Click on “Suivant.” You’ll be taken to a confirmation page with the option of downloading your application and I recommend that you do so for your own records! If you followed the steps above, you should receive a confirmation letter from INSEE, the institute responsible for managing all small businesses in France. In the letter is your SIRET, which is the ID number assigned to your business. You’ll be required to put that number on any invoices you send to your future clients!

Paying Your Social Charges as an Auto-entrepreneur

Now that you’ve set up your new small business in France the next step is to start working! I wanted to include a note on paying your charges. Whether you opt for monthly payments or each trimester, you need to stay on top of them to avoid paying late fees. You can use the same website that you used to create your business to tell the French government how much money you made and to pay the social charges based on how much you earned. 

  1. Sign in to your account. You’ll be brought to the homepage:
  2. Under “Déclarer et payer” click on “mes échéances en cours.” You’ll see a red “1” if you haven’t filled yours out yet (like me, as of writing this article!). Click on the month that you need to pay. Here you’ll fill out your earnings. There are different categories depending on what your small business does. If you offer a service, such as writing, put your income in the first box. If you make things, like pastries, for example, put how much you took in as a salary in the second box, and in the third box how much money you made from actually selling the pastries. 
  3. Click on “Suivant.” You’ll see here how much you owe the government. As a small business owner in France, you’re required to pay about 23% of your income to social charges. This is the price of advantages like low-cost health care and other such benefits. Click on “Valider” to confirm that you agree with the amount.
  4. Here you can enter your bank information if you haven’t already. I usually click on “Payer via ce mandat” right away so that it’s taken care of. You won’t see it deducted from your account until the beginning of the next month.

Congratulations, you’re officially a small business owner in France!

Molli offers private consultation services which range from help with visas and adjusting to life abroad to Paris travel itineraries. Fill out the contact form to learn more.

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19 thoughts on “How to Become an Auto-Entrepreneur in France

  1. Do you need to show a minimum income per month? I would just be starting out a business and don’t expect to generate much income until about 8 months in. What are they looking to see to determine if to renew this the following year?

    • Hi Arden, thanks for reading. There is no required minimum per month, but you are required to declare your income monthly as soon as you open your auto-entreprise (yes, you will need to declare even if you earn 0 euros). There is no visa connected to being an auto-entrepreneur, so you shouldn’t need to rely on it for any type of renewal appointment unless you have a passeport talent visa. In that case, the monthly minimum is greater than or equal to €1,122.18.

      • Per the URSAAF website you do not report any earnings for the first 90 days. After this waiting period, then you report either on a monthly basis or quarterly basis.

        • Hi Aleem, thanks for reading! You’re correct — you’ll notice that I mentioned that when you see the red ‘1’ next to “mes échéances en cours” you’re required to start paying. You won’t see that until after the first 90 days so thank you fo pointing that out!

  2. Hey Molli – My small business would be focused mainly on coaching though I would also be making money for freelance writing. I was thinking of “creatively” combining the two into one business? What are your thoughts?

  3. Thank you for this! Do you by any chance know whether the INSEE number comes together in the letter with the SIRET one? I’ve been told I will need it too when signing a contract to provide my freelancing services to a company. But I´ve been looking online and I’m not sure how one is supposed to get that one…

    • Hello Carlos! The INSEE number is your SIRET. That’s the only number you’ll need when working as a freelancer. You can put it at the bottom of your invoices so that whichever business you’re working with has it on file.

    • Hi Nora! So auto-entrepreneur is not a visa status, while PL is. An auto-entreprise is a type of business similar to a sole proprietor in the US, and the PL visa enables you to open a business in France. The two are not directly related. I hope this helps!

  4. Hi Molli,
    Thank you for this wonderful article, it’s been immensely helpful. I’m here on ‘Talent Passport Familie’ i.e my wife’s on Talent Passport and I’ve moved here as her dependant. The Visa allows me to work and undertake any professional activity. Can I setup an auto-entrepreneur business with this visa?
    Thank you!

    • Hi Alvin! Thanks for reading. You can absolutely sign up to be an auto-entrepreneur with your VPF visa. I have worked with other clients in your exact situation and they didn’t run into any issues – you’re right, with your visa you’re allowed to work and undertake any professional activity.

  5. Hi Molli,

    Thank you so much for the info! Great article. Quick question: As a student on a student visa which allows work upto 964 hours per year, can I still work as an auto-entrepreneur (/register for it)?

    • Hi Maya, thanks for reading! Unfortunately, foreign students are not allowed to become auto-entrepreneurs. It wasn’t always the case (I was a student when I opened mine) but they have since changed the rules. If you try to apply with your student visa you will be rejected. I would suggest looking for a different type of work, as you’re correct you are allowed to work up to 964 hours per year. I have an article about different options that you can read here. I hope this helps!

  6. Hi Molli, what about someone with an APS/jobseeker visa that allows me to find work/work for 1 year, can I apply for this? Merci bcp.

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